Drug crime investigations are incredibly methodical processes. The police rely on many different techniques to collect evidence when building a case involving possession, distribution, trafficking, or all of the above. Knowing how evidence is collected can help individuals better understand the process and their legal rights if they find themselves facing drug charges. Our friends at Archambault Criminal Defense have put together the following guide so you can gain the information you need.
Surveillance And Observation
One of the primary ways police gather evidence in drug crime investigations is through surveillance. This often includes monitoring a suspect’s behavior, their home, or other locations where illegal activity is suspected. Police might conduct physical surveillance by following suspects or setting up teams to observe them from a distance. In more technologically advanced cases, they may use video cameras, GPS tracking, and even wiretapping (with a warrant) to monitor communications.
For example, a suspect who regularly visits certain locations known for drug activity may be under continuous surveillance. Officers will document their movements, interactions, and any suspicious behavior that could indicate illegal drug activity.
Controlled Buys
In these situations, an undercover officer or a confidential informant will purchase drugs from a suspect under police supervision. The transaction is often recorded through audio or video equipment, and the drugs obtained during the buy are then used as physical evidence in the case.
Controlled buys are typically conducted after a period of surveillance and observation, as the police need to build enough of a case before engaging in such a direct tactic. This method is particularly useful in cases where drug distribution or trafficking is suspected. The evidence from a controlled buy can help establish a suspect’s involvement in drug-related activities.
Search Warrants
Search warrants allow police to enter and search a person’s property for evidence. To obtain a search warrant, law enforcement must present probable cause to a judge. This often means providing proof that there is a reasonable belief that drugs or other evidence of illegal activity will be found in the place to be searched.
Once a warrant is issued, officers may search a suspect’s home, vehicle, or personal belongings. During these searches, any drugs, paraphernalia, or other illegal items found can be used as evidence in court. The proper handling and documentation of evidence gathered during a search are essential, as any missteps can lead to challenges in court.
Drug Dogs And Field Tests
Police may also use drug-sniffing dogs during traffic stops, airport screenings, or other situations to detect the presence of illegal drugs. Trained dogs can signal the presence of drugs, leading to a more thorough search of a person or their vehicle.
While drug dogs are an effective tool, it’s worth noting that their reliability can sometimes be challenged in court, especially if they weren’t properly trained or handled.
Field tests are another method officers use to confirm the presence of illegal substances. These tests typically involve taking a small sample of a substance and using a chemical test kit to determine whether it contains drugs. However, field tests are not always definitive, and a positive result may require further laboratory testing to confirm the substance’s nature.
Electronic Evidence
Police may obtain phone records, emails, text messages, or social media posts as part of their investigation. With the proper warrants, they can access a suspect’s electronic communications to look for discussions of drug sales or use.
For example, text messages arranging the sale of drugs, photos of illegal substances, or phone calls discussing drug deals may all be used as evidence in court. This type of evidence is often combined with physical evidence to strengthen the case against a suspect.
Confidential Informants
Confidential informants are often involved in the drug world and can provide firsthand information about a suspect’s activities. They may be working with the police as part of a plea deal or to avoid charges themselves. Informants might also participate in controlled buys or provide tips that lead to further surveillance or searches.
Although useful, evidence provided by informants can be controversial. Their motives can be questioned, and defense attorneys often scrutinize their credibility.
Each method above has the power to provide crucial pieces of information that can either build or break a case. Working with a skilled drug crime lawyer is essential for anyone facing drug charges. They can assess the evidence gathered and defend against it effectively.
In addition to seeking legal help after a drug arrest, we also highly recommend speaking with health professionals. A functional medicine specialist can provide the personalized medical advice you need and deserve to help you get your life back on track.
